The Golden Gate Bridge is a suspension bridge spanning the Golden Gate, the strait that connects the Pacific Ocean with the San Francisco Bay. Connect San Francisco,
on the northern tip of the homonymous peninsula, the southern part of Marin County. In Marin County, the city closest to the bridge is the small coastal town of Sausalito. entire tract occupied by the bridge, also including the stretch to get on and off the bridge is 2.71 km long and the distance between the towers (main span) is 1,282 m, and the available space under the bridge is 67 m with average conditions of high tide. The height of the towers is 230 m above the water level. The diameter main suspension cable is 91.34 cm.
When it was built in 1937, The Golden Gate Bridge has become the largest suspension bridge in the world of long ago and has become the symbol of internationally recognized, of San Francisco.
HISTORY OF THE BRIDGE
The idea of \u200b\u200ba bridge linking San Francisco and Marin county was proposed by the engineer James Wilkins in an article in which he argued for the utility to make quick and safe crossing of narrow, up to then made with the ferry. The bridge gained its name in 1917 when he was appointed as the engineer of the urban city of San Francisco MH O'Shaughnessy.
The bridge was due to the ingenuity of Joseph Strauss, an engineer responsible for more than 400 bridges, but all much smaller and located further inland from the new project. It began in 1927 with the first designs that were far from being approved, and costs more than a decade in search of supporters. The initial design of Strauss included a massive cantilever on each side, connected by a central segment suspended.
Other key figures in the birth of the work were the architect Irving Morrow, responsible for the decorations and the choice of color, the engineer Charles Alton Ellis and the designer of bridges Moisseiff Leon, who worked at solving mathematical problems. In May
1924 a petition was presented to Colonel Herbert Deakyne that on behalf of the Secretary of War approved the grant of use of the land required for the construction of the bridge structure.
The Golden Gate Bridge and Highway District was incorporated in 1928 as an entity officially responsible for the design of the construction and financing of the bridge. In the District were included not only the City and County of San Francisco and Marin County, in whose territories there were two entrances of the bridge, but also the counties of Napa, Sonoma, Mendocino and Del Norte. Representatives of each of the county sit on the Board of Governors of the District, whose voters in 1930 approved funding for the project with an agenda special bond that put their homes, their farms and their businesses as collateral. This program bonds the first $ 35 million.
Construction began January 5, 1933.
The last bond was refunded in 1971 and the final budget saw the return of the initial capital of 35 million plus approximately $ 39 million of interest fully recovered through tolls.
The bridge was completed in April 1937 and was opened to pedestrians on May 27 of that year. The next day, at noon, President Roosevelt, Washington gave the official start of vehicle traffic across the bridge, pressing a button.
Regarding security of those employed in the construction, particularly effective was the safety net aimed at the bottom of the bridge, which significantly reduced the number of deaths fall than expected for such a project. 11 men died from falling, while 19 others were rescued from the network. Of the 11, as many as 10 died when the bridge was nearing completion, due to the failure of the safety net in the fall of a scaffold. The 19 who survived thanks to the protection, then became members of a particular club: the 'Halfway to Hell Club (The club halfway to hell).
Since its completion, the bridge has remained closed because of strong winds only three occasions: in 1951, 1982 and 1983.
To commemorate Joseph Strauss, his statue was placed near the bridge in 1955, to remind everyone how important was his work in the construction of the Golden Gate Bridge.
The amplitude of the central part of the Golden Gate was the longest among suspension bridges until 1964, when the Verrazano Bridge (Verrazano Narrows Bridge was built to link Brooklyn with Staten Island, two neighborhoods in New York City. When it was built the Golden Gate also owned the suspension towers highest in the world and held this record until recently. In 1957, Michigan's Mackinac Bridge surpassed in length between anchors the bridge of San Francisco, becoming the bridge with the greater length. Currently the longest suspension bridge in the world is in Japan and is the Akashi-Kaikyo Bridge.
The bridge was due to the ingenuity of Joseph Strauss, an engineer responsible for more than 400 bridges, but all much smaller and located further inland from the new project. It began in 1927 with the first designs that were far from being approved, and costs more than a decade in search of supporters. The initial design of Strauss included a massive cantilever on each side, connected by a central segment suspended.
Other key figures in the birth of the work were the architect Irving Morrow, responsible for the decorations and the choice of color, the engineer Charles Alton Ellis and the designer of bridges Moisseiff Leon, who worked at solving mathematical problems. In May
1924 a petition was presented to Colonel Herbert Deakyne that on behalf of the Secretary of War approved the grant of use of the land required for the construction of the bridge structure.
The Golden Gate Bridge and Highway District was incorporated in 1928 as an entity officially responsible for the design of the construction and financing of the bridge. In the District were included not only the City and County of San Francisco and Marin County, in whose territories there were two entrances of the bridge, but also the counties of Napa, Sonoma, Mendocino and Del Norte. Representatives of each of the county sit on the Board of Governors of the District, whose voters in 1930 approved funding for the project with an agenda special bond that put their homes, their farms and their businesses as collateral. This program bonds the first $ 35 million.
Construction began January 5, 1933.
The last bond was refunded in 1971 and the final budget saw the return of the initial capital of 35 million plus approximately $ 39 million of interest fully recovered through tolls.
The bridge was completed in April 1937 and was opened to pedestrians on May 27 of that year. The next day, at noon, President Roosevelt, Washington gave the official start of vehicle traffic across the bridge, pressing a button.
Regarding security of those employed in the construction, particularly effective was the safety net aimed at the bottom of the bridge, which significantly reduced the number of deaths fall than expected for such a project. 11 men died from falling, while 19 others were rescued from the network. Of the 11, as many as 10 died when the bridge was nearing completion, due to the failure of the safety net in the fall of a scaffold. The 19 who survived thanks to the protection, then became members of a particular club: the 'Halfway to Hell Club (The club halfway to hell).
Since its completion, the bridge has remained closed because of strong winds only three occasions: in 1951, 1982 and 1983.
To commemorate Joseph Strauss, his statue was placed near the bridge in 1955, to remind everyone how important was his work in the construction of the Golden Gate Bridge.
The amplitude of the central part of the Golden Gate was the longest among suspension bridges until 1964, when the Verrazano Bridge (Verrazano Narrows Bridge was built to link Brooklyn with Staten Island, two neighborhoods in New York City. When it was built the Golden Gate also owned the suspension towers highest in the world and held this record until recently. In 1957, Michigan's Mackinac Bridge surpassed in length between anchors the bridge of San Francisco, becoming the bridge with the greater length. Currently the longest suspension bridge in the world is in Japan and is the Akashi-Kaikyo Bridge.
Pergamon Journal of Earth Observing 
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