Pelvic Cramping And Loose Stool

Who is the FIOM

Sometimes talking to workers, especially younger people, I realize that they have a distorted idea the union and in many cases no historical notion in the union and the role of Italy in FIOM Italian trade union movement. Certainly it would take to make a detailed analysis books and books. But I decided that whatever useful blog post on a small sum, is the site of the National FIOM, the history of the oldest Italian metalworkers' trade union movement. Then, of course, everyone is free to continue to think as he wishes, but it is important to know the basic steps in the life of Italian trade union, the struggles of our parents and our grandparents, even to better understand the current situation.

The Italian Federation of Metalworkers (Fiom) was born in Livorno, 16 June 1901. The sections at the congress are 40 (18 more than those who had sent their membership), representing 18,000 members.

The Italian metalworking union, however, is already active at the end of the nineteenth century. In major industrialized cities are formed sections that workers begin to fight for better working conditions: minimum wage, an eight-hour workday, abolition of piece-work and night work, equal pay for men and women, regulation of apprenticeships against the exploitation of children. Trade unionism in Italy has its roots in an undeniable political and social commitment that comes from the tumultuous events that mark the historical period and the accession of many socialist and revolutionary ideals.

born in 1898, "The Metal", the newspaper worker who later became the Fiom and formed the Central Committee's propaganda, the organization will work to prepare the founding congress of the federation.

Mobilization and strikes, repression and violence are alternated frequently until 1914, the beginning of the First World War. In that year, Bruno Buozzi, secretary of the Fiom wrote on 'The Metal' "We feel that the Italian proletariat has an absolute duty to fight every means that Italy remains neutral (...) is our job to intervene for peace and not war ". Not so, the situation fell and Italy entered the war May 24, 1915. In the first Congress after the war Fiom has 47,192 members and 102 sections. Start the season for collective bargaining. On 20 February 1919 reached an agreement with the industrial associations that provides the reduction in working hours to eight hours daily and 48 weekly , recognition of internal committees and their establishment in each factory and the appointment of a Commission for the improvement of social legislation and another to study the reform of wages and inflation. But the more extreme wing of the employers began to look for evidence of force against the workers and the union. He finds it in August 1920 when negotiations for the improvement of living conditions of metallurgical stops and lock-outs begin. The answer is expressed in employment working in the factories that involves more than 400,000 metallurgical across Italy and another 100,000 in other categories . tense moments, some of which lead to real battles in which there are deaths and injuries, prior to the agreement of September 19, 1920 . "The Metal" full page entitled: The victory of the proletariat metallurgy. The main organization eradicated. The results speak for themselves: the recognition of workers' control in factories, salary increases, 6 paid holidays, overtime and enhancements for night work . The factories back to normal in the following days but the red biennium (1919-1920) follows the rise to power of fascism that quickly leads to a narrowing of the freedom, the first group and then individual, then the outlawing of trade unions and any Association. Many trade unionists are killed or imprisoned. It comes to the Second World War, and after the difficult years and several attempts to action most of the unions joined the Resistance and take part in the liberation from Nazism and fascism together with the allied forces April 25, 1945. In June 1944, the union is reconstituted with the Pact of Rome joining mainstream unions: Communist, Socialist and Christian-democratic.

After World War II begins the battle for the national collective agreement, whose final version requires a period of time very long. In 1946 he held the Ninth Congress of the Federation and Italian Metalworkers Federation becomes used metal workers reached 638,697 members.

In 1948, Fiom signed his first contract in 1956 but all parts are in part defined. Meanwhile, the Italian trade association Pact Mature crisis of '44 and the political alliances and cultural flows from it, it depletes the division that leads to the splitting of a part of CGIL: born in 1948, the CISL and 1950 the UIL. The political clash -union in those years was very hard, we aim to isolate the CGIL especially Fiom. In this climate, nel1955, in the Commission's internal elections to the Fiat (the largest and most important Italian manufacturer) Fiom suffers a defeat. Within a year Fiom loses a considerable part of their members.

In Italy, democracy is still fragile, and there are many moments of crisis and attempts reactionaries who follow in the fifties and sixties. The National Agreement of 1962 (public companies) and 1963 (private companies), after months of struggle, is considered the voice articulated bargaining in addition to the national one.

The economic development of Italy reaches high stakes in the sixties but there are structural inequalities in different regions of the country. Fiom through a campaign in the factories and in the area, again increasing their consent. Since 1968, the battles of the metalworkers meet with other social subjects: first, with the student movement, but even with that of women in the seventies develop autonomous battles inside and outside the union. The late sixties was a period marked by massacres, conspiracies and terrorism (the so-called "strategy of tension") that will last until the mid-eighties, and on which there are still heavy shadows. The Commission interior is replaced within the Council determined at the factory.

1969 was the year the autumn heat, so called because in that season are held great fights that ended with a big national demonstration metalworkers November 28 in Rome.

In December, the national contract is signed. The most important results: the same for all wage increases, reduced to 40 hours of working time at the same salary, recognition of the right of assembly in the factory during working hours, recognition of company union representatives.

The period of workers' struggle does not end: engineering organizations in 1972 FIM-CISL, FIOM-CGIL and UIL Uilm-workers are united in the Federation metalworkers (FLM). In 1973 another major national contract signed in which we obtain the sole management for workers employed on-7 levels, wage increases equal for all, the recognition of the right to paid educational (the famous 150 hours), 4 weeks vacation.

In subsequent renewals taking shape the first part of the Contract that relates to right to information about investment plans and employment policies of companies. negotiating space becomes larger, increase the contractual matters as well as the impact of the union at the factory .

the second half of the seventies, the owner develops a new offensive aimed at restoring conditions of absolute supremacy in the enterprise. Once test is Fiat that, in 1980, announced 14,469 layoffs encountering stiff opposition that is expressed in 35 working days of hard struggle. For the first time in Italy's employees and officers of a plant are organized against the workers and held a rally of 20,000 people in Turin . The conclusion of the litigation (23,000 workers in the wage guarantee fund) opens a defensive and uncertain phase of the union. It represents a defeat of the trade union movement that crosses the boundaries of the Fiat and still is a matter of debate and reflection.

entrepreneurs, using the major restructuring and a political and social environment, they want to attack the gains of the seventies. In 1984 the flm melts and in the same year that workers and employees lose their contingency, the mechanism to automatically adjust the wage increases the cost of living. In those years, the factory councils come into crisis as a representation structure.

crisis and restructuring of the eighties have changed the structure of Italian industry. Growing small and medium enterprises and also the craft. Increased accidents at work. Entire industrial areas of big cities will disappear and this causes a slow but inexorable decline of union members. In 1993 he was signed by the unions, employers and the government an agreement that defines new contractual arrangements to identify solutions to the dynamics of wage increases are repeated and the two levels of bargaining: the national and corporate worlds. The agreement is confirmed by the legitimacy to negotiate on the second level, the corporate, trade union representatives unitary structure of the factory, which replaces the Works Council. But entrepreneurs are keen to obtain the elimination of the national contract and an employment relationship based on reports at the discretion of individual companies.

in subsequent contract negotiations, from 1994 to the one currently underway, the battle continues to be mainly in the maintenance of both national and company level contract.

in 2004 counted 363,326 Fiom members.