The division of the Red Sea
One of the many fanciful claims of faith
the screening analysis rational
The following document might contain the adventure of Moses leader. It 'really a fascinating story, full of twists and effects special. Still, these details are greedy because they want to cut to the bone instead explore the veracity of the central event: quell'eclatante miracle was that the nature ( was ) the division of the waters.
The story is well known and is written in the Pentateuch , especially in the book called Exodus purpose. Probably, the facts of the Exodus took place in the thirteenth century BC, but since it is pure myth believer, far from any base historiography.
Ordunque, Moses, a mythological figure than the leader and legislator, as defined by the sacred writers, orderly Tables of the 10 Commandments, drove up to the order of God, the Jewish people from Egypt, which seems to be a slave to the so-called <<>>, O Canaan, the modern Israel (which historically has existed since 1000 BC) .
The ride, complete with 40 years of futile wandering in the desert, at one point he faced the Red Sea that separates Egypt and the Mediterranean from today's "Near East" and the Indian Ocean. And here there was the object of our study: the miraculous opening of the water which first allowed the passage of the chosen people, and then closed again on the Egyptian pursuers. This has a definite flavor and sadistic splatter, but well suited to both the angry and vengeful God of the Old Testament, and the many hacks that Verga primitive the biblical stories.
A bit 'of necessary physical
To analyze rational cut the biblical event of the parting of the Red Sea, we will proceed to isolate, to decontextualise much this scene from the rest, trying to explain itself. And since the event is purely physical, even before the miraculous we must first file a bit 'in the physical laws that can help us understand how and if it is possible that a massive body of water like that can move up to find the bottom, regardless of why he did it and the will of those.
end it will be useful to consider some concepts of applied physics: work, power and energy.
The work is the equivalent of the concept of fatigue , and can be measured. The calculation is simple: multiply the strength to move (in formula L = F * s ). Example: if you lift a weight of 100 pounds to a height of 1 meter, the work will di100x1 = 100 kgm ( kilos).
The formula is valid only if the job has the same direction of force, otherwise the calculation is different, but for our purposes it is sufficient to stop there.
To do a job it takes time to move 100 pounds of 1 meter takes some time. We can express in seconds (part of the 3,600 th hour). When we refer to the time when work has been done, we will discuss power. Even this calculation is simple, because you need to divide the work required for the latter to carry it out. In the above example, if we had taken four seconds to move 100 kilograms of 1 meter, the power would be to: (100 * 1): 4 = 25 kgm / s (kilos per second). The formula is: P = L / t where work L is expressed in kilos and time t is in seconds. If we are used to express the power in "horses" ( hp), just divide everything by 75. In our example, becomes 25: 75 = 0.33 Cv .
Third basic concept, the 'energy . Imagine a huge mass of water enclosed by a dam that is 100 meters high on a valley. The water contains in itself the possibility to do work, so much so that if you opened the dam, the water would ruin powerfully down into the valley. This ability to do work is called energy giustappunto . That, until the water is standing in the dock, just potential. To measure energy, you multiply the usual force * displacement . But now we must consider the strength weight of all the water and the displacement gradient (which is 100 meters) between the pelvis and the valley.
It 'obvious that the energy will be greater the greater the height from which the water falls. When it falls, the water is moving and its potential energy is no longer but kinetics. So when something moves, the energy will be tied to weight but also to speed. As it falls, the water will lose potential energy and kinetic energy will purchase up to be the whole kinetic energy on impact with the valley.
The kinetic energy (denoted by the letter k) of a mass movement is calculated using the formula: k = (m * v ^ 2): 2 where m is the mass (weight) in kilograms and v is the speed with which it moves. The v is squared. In the case of water, and liquids, the speed is expressed in l / s, liters per second.
The method of stick
To measure or, rather, estimate the height of each of the two walls of water, supposed symmetric, created by the command of Moses, there are various methods. We choose the "stick", which should have been brought to the knowledge of that era. It goes like this: you move away from the 18-meter wall of water that must be measured and plant a stick in the ground. Then it moves back an additional 2 feet, and face to the ground, pointing the top of the wall of water through the stick marks on it where is the line of sight cuts the stick. From this sign on the stick and the ground there will be a distance h . Just multiply that by h 10 to get about the height of the wall of water. The reason for multiplying by 10 is simple: the smaller base of the triangle ABE is 2, while that of the larger triangle ACD is 20 (18 +2), exactly 10 times as much.
numbers and dimensions of the people of Moses
How were the Jews led by Moses? There is talk (for example in ' historical analysis here: www.giovannidesio.it ) of a people numerous that fills the entire region , but you have to give a specific meaning to these two terms as the story hints at no more than a few thousand people. We translate, only to need analysis, that "some" in a number likely : 5 000 people.
5,000 people occupy much space? We must consider that these are people in some way by bundling and stacked household goods, pets and vehicles varied. So, we can start from the canonical space of 1 square meter occupied by each person to get to 5,000 square feet, but then you have to estimate the actual ground occupied. If we want to go back the number of families, we can divide that 5,000 for a hypothetical number of components, say again for ease of calculation the number 5, then we get 1,000 families, we need to assume that the number, then the bulk of household goods, transport equipment and pets. Every household would have had a cart (which is equivalent to at least 4 more square meters) and a certain number of animals for a total of, say, some 6 square meters of space. So we get 10 * 1000 = 10,000 square meters in addition to 5,000, for a total of 15,000 square feet (15 kilometers) overall dimensions.
can not know the exact "shape" of the column, except that, as all the columns that move, he could be ordered only in the longitudinal direction and be vaguely rectangular in shape, and it remains to estimate, within the 15,000 square feet total envisaged, since it was along the side of the rectangle and then the minimum and the maximum .
factors which, multiplied, giving 15,000 are very numerous. But the logic helps us to eliminate most, so to speak, we will eliminate a 15 km long single file ... and choose the least improbable hypothesis, remembering always that we are "walking" on a rocky seabed not like Jews but on a thin glass and very precarious.
In short, we can limit to look at the smaller side of that rectangle of people running, because that is more interested in the width of the bottom left dry by the opening of the water.
From this perspective, the range of possible measures could range from 10 meters (for a column length of 1 mile) to 40 meters (length = 375 meters).
Since it is desirable that God had predicted an easy crossing without its elected prosaically rub against the walls of water, and it is possible that some of them wanted to calculate the height of the water mass by the method of the stick , the "river" which moved down on the dry could not be less than 20 meters off of the convenience that is needed to measure. Therefore, balance between science and science fiction, we can assume that if the shorter side of the column could be 30 meters (ie, the side was 500 meters long), the basin that could easily hold had to be on 40 meters wide.
summarize. We split a "miracle" in the middle of the Red Sea to 40 feet wide and a column of men and household goods 30 meters wide and 500 long that moves at its center.
How tall are the walls of water ?
missing distance, the distance coast-coast, the length of the gap and then the crossing.
The Red Sea stretches vertically to 2,250 km, and widths ranging from 27 km of the Strait of Bab al Mandab within 350 km of the coast of Eritrea. Reading the Exodus, it is deduced that when the Egyptian soldiers reached the fugitives, and before crossing the Red Sea, the Jews found themselves caught between the sea and mountains, having Baal Persephone south and Migdol north.
Let's optimistic and say that from that point on the opposite coast to coast point to cross the distance is equivalent to the minimum, that rounds to 30 km for convenience.
The other issue concerns the depth of the sea.
do not know how this depth is proceeding from the Egyptian coast to the coast opposite. However, we know the minimum depth (95 feet, Suez) and maximum (1,800 m, Gulf of Aqaba), which is still information to be spent. Verifying the compatibility with the "stick approach" we can get to a measure likely.
A common club must have a length proportional to the people and agl'usi. E 'therefore reasonable to assume that used by Jews to a maximum length of 2 meters, which is also a requirement of simplicity of the calculations.
Obviously, at this stage it proceeds almost blind, after all, the crops are certainly not known for biblical accuracy ... If we assume that the line of sight cuts the cane at the end of its length, then to 200 cm from the ground, we can easily derive the height of the wall of water by multiplying 200 * 10 = 2000 cm. That is to say 20 meters. In reality, this measure takes no account of the 'tsunami effect "due to the mechanical action of divine intervention: imagine to have a bowl of water, put your hands in the center and then open them with force pushing the water from either side. The two waves are caused significantly higher than the previous depth of water, as the depends on the speed stamped on the movement. However, we also defer to this complication: The purpose of the study is not the discovery of truth but the size of the lie.
Unfortunately, having an outside dimension 20 95-1800 interval known to us is not compatible. To be valid, the stick should be at least 9 feet long, in that it is highly unlikely. However, we hold that the same 20 meters, and the incompatibility of charge slew of other far more gross blunders in the book inspired by God
What is the weight the water displaced?
The next problem to be solved is the weight of water displaced magically . From elementary physics we know that 1 liter of distilled water occupies a volume of 1 cubic decimeter and weighs 1 kilogram. Distilled ... Unfortunately, the Red Sea is also one of the warmer seas and salty in the world. The dry winds from the desert areas underpin strong evaporation, resulting in increased salinity. On the surface you can reach the 40 parts per thousand while the average salinity of water is typically 35 parts per thousand. This for us means that one cubic decimeter of water from the Red Sea does not weigh a kilogram but more. How not matter, this means that, to compensate for the discrepancy, we round up the results of the final calculations.
Available data say that we have two walls of water each 20 meters high and 30 kilometers long. We must consider what we mean by "water weight". We said that the Red Sea is 2,250 km long. God created the watershed would be approximately the tenth higher (ie 225 km from the Mediterranean) of its length . This implies that the weight of the wall of water right (which moves water to the south until after the coast of Yemen) will be nine times the weight of the left, which "limits" to transfer the tsunami mosaic in the nearby Mediterranean bypassing Suez.
consider when calculating the sea Red as if it had a rectangular basin measuring 30 km to 2,250 km, if kept it on behalf of the true shape of the jagged coastline, the calculations are more accurate but more complex, moreover, the best accuracy would not improve the juice of the matter.
So we left the water mass, the smaller one, which is equivalent to 225,000 * 30,000 * 20 = 135 billion cubic km. The body of water left, being 9 times more, will be 135 000 000 000 * 9 = 1,215,000,000 cubic miles. Total: 1,350 billion cubic km.
To calculate the weight in kilograms, we must reduce everything cubic decimetres: 12.15 billion are billions of cubic decimeters, and kilograms. Wanting them share: 1.350 trillion pounds for the left (call this number "weight of the left" pps) and 10.8 billion of billions of pounds to the right side (we call this figure "weight of the right " ppd); kilo kilo less than ...
" power "of God!
To answer last question, fished out of the previous concepts of physics. We said that the work (fatigue) is calculated by multiplying the force (weight) for the displacement in meters. To what God has moved the masses of water? And how long did it take?
We have already estimated at 40 meters wide and the "corridor" created. So the waters have been moved 20 meters to each side.
divide the work for each side.
On the left, the work is equal to pps * 20 = 27 million billion kilos.
Right: ppd * 20 million = 216 billion kilos.
Total: 243 million billion kilos.
Del time it took we, fortunately, a certain idea. The book of Exodus, in fact, in verse 21 says "... the Lord all night, drove back the sea with a strong east wind, made dry the waters were divided." Since we assume that the maneuver had to endure demanding "all night", ie an average of 8 hours.
We have already said that dividing the work necessary to accomplish the latter means to obtain the necessary power to do that work.
proceed. 8 hours mean 3600 * 8 = 28,800 seconds.
P = L / t, then Power = 243 trillion to 7.5 trillion divided by 28,800 = kgm / s, which, dividing by 75, may amount to 100 billion Cv.
Just to get a real idea of \u200b\u200bthe number, the engine of the Ferrari 612 Scaglietti has an output of 540 hp. So the hand of God that night expressed a higher power than the 185 million Ferrari.
In Naples, at this point, you say with some reason " Size 'and ddije . "
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